The Bondage Statute of 1815 in Theory and in Practice: The “Search for Liberty” of the 1820s Peasants as Reflected of a Recently Discovered Document
УДК 93
DOI 10.28995/2073-0101-2020-2-493-504
Andrey G. Dorozhkin, Andrey V. Bezrukov
G.I. Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation
The Bondage Statute of 1815 in Theory and in Practice: The “Search for Liberty” of the 1820s Peasants as Reflected of a Recently Discovered Document
Abstract
The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that, on the basis of a newly discovered document from a private archive, an attempt has been made to consider the little-studied topic — the serfs’ “search for liberty” in the 1820s and reaction to it by both local authorities and higher state institutions. Officially, by the law of 1815, peasants were forbidden to seek liberty; they were recognized as serfs, regardless, under which census the landowner had recorded them. In practice, as confirmed by the analyzed document, the serfs’ search for liberty continued; both local and central authorities continued to receive petitions at least until the codification of the imperial legislation in the early 1830s. The analyzed document is a report of the Orenburg gubernia prosecutor Garbovsky addressed to the Minister of Justice of Russia D.I. Lobanov-Rostovsky (1826), which contains a statement of the facts of the case. Alongside with standard language of official correspondence, the document contains some phrases which indicate that there are elements of personal correspondence in it, the correspondent somewhat overstepping the boundaries official letter. The report testifies that peasants of the Buzuluk uezd of the Orenburg gubernia I. Ivanov and F. Petrov demanded to gauge the legality of their continued serfdom, but the Buzuluk uezd court dragged out proceedings. Garbovsky petitions for speedy investigation and there is a resolution, apparently in the Minister’s hand, that the Simbirsk and Kazan gubernia prosecutors should provide materials related to the legal status of the relatives of the “seekers for liberty” that were necessary for the correct solution of the case. The brevity of the document and lack of further correspondence on the issue does not allow any conclusion on how the case was resolved. However, the fact itself of appealing to the minister in connection with the peasants’ “search for liberty,” as well as admission of the petition by the lower authority and by the head of the imperial justice department speaks for itself.
Keywords
Historical source, report, Russian serfs, uezd court, prosecutor, minister of justice, correspondence.
Download the article: dorozhkin_bezrukov_doi
References
IGNATOVICH, I. I. Krest'yanskoe dvizhenie v Rossii v pervoi chetverti XIX veka [The peasant movement in Russia in the first quarter of the 19th century. In Russ.]. Moscow, Sotsekgiz publ., 1964, 466 p.
Istoriya deloproizvodstva v dorevolyutsionnoi Rossii: Ucheb. posobie [ILYUSHENKO, M. P. (ed.) The history of record management in pre-revolutionary Russia: Textbook. In Russ.]. Moscow, Ros. gos. gumanit. un-t publ., 1993 [on-line]. Available at: https://www.studmed.ru/view/ilyushenko-mp-red-istoriya-deloproizvodstva-v-orevolyucionnoy-rossii_a8f25db2331.html#h.2jxsxqh (accessed: 16.04. 2019)
SEMEVSKII, V. I. Krest'yanskii vopros v Rossii v XVIII i pervoi polovine XIX veka [The peasant question in Russia in the 18th and the first half of the 19th century. In Russ.]. In 2 vols. Vol. 1. St. Peterburg, 1888, 517 p.
TARASOV, B. T. Rossiya krepostnaya. Istoriya narodnogo rabstva [Enslaved Russia: The history of national serfdom. In Russ.]. Moscow, Veche publ., 2011, 320 p.
SHEPELEV, L. Е. Problemy istochnikovedcheskogo izucheniya deloproizvodstvennykh dokumentov gosudarstvennykh uchrezhdenii XIX – nachala XX vv. [Problems of the source study of record keeping documents of state institutions of the 19th - early 20th century. In Russ.]. IN: Istochnikovedenie otechestvennoi istorii: sbornik statei [Source study of national history: Collected articles. In Russ.]. Moscow, Institut istorii AN SSSR publ., 1976, pp. 248-271.
SHULEZHKOVA, S. G. Zhanrovo-stilisticheskaya kharakteristika ofitsial'no-delovykh dokumentov yuzhnoural'skikh krepostei XVIII v. [Genre and stylistic characteristics of official documents of the South Ural fortresses of the 18th century. In Russ.]. IN: Voprosy sovremennogo russkogo literaturnogo yazyk [Issues of modern Russian literary language. In Russ.]. Issue 2. Chelyabinsk, 1967, pp. 125-137.
About authors
Dorozhkin Andrey Gennadievich, PhD in History, professor, G.I. Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, department of world history, professor, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, +7-912-792-37-28, This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
Bezrukov Andrey Victorovich, PhD in History, associate professor, G.I. Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical university, department of world history, assistant professor, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, +7-982-32-67-370, This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
Submitted 5.06.2019, published (for citation):
DOROZHKIN, A. G., BEZRUKOV, A. V. Zakrepostitel'noe uzakonenie 1815 g. v teorii i na praktike: “poiski vol'nosti” krest'yanami v 1820-e gg. v otrazhenii vnov' obnaruzhennogo dokumenta [The Bondage Statute of 1815 in Theory and in Practice: The “Search for Liberty” of the 1820s Peasants as Reflected of a Recently Discovered Document. In Russ.]. IN: Vestnik arhivista / Herald of an Archivist, 2020, no. 2, pp. 493-504. doi 10.28995/2073-0101-2020-2-493-504